Waterjet cutting is a versatile machining process used for a wide range of materials, including metals. The primary distinction between waterjet cutting and other methods is that it is a non-thermal process. Rather than using heat, it is a mechanical method where material is removed through physical erosion and high-velocity wear.
The ability to cut through thick metal is driven by the waterjet’s supersonic speed, exiting the nozzle faster than the speed of sound. To process a broader range of hard materials, an abrasive, typically crushed garnet, is added to the stream. You may recognise garnet as the mineral that gives sandpaper its rough texture.
Under extreme pressure, these abrasive particles strike the material at high velocity to erode the metal. While standard waterjet systems typically operate around 380 MPa, modern high-performance systems can reach pressures up to 620 MPa.
Because the material is removed gradually and cooled by the water stream, temperatures remain low, eliminating the risk of a heat-affected zone (HAZ). This ensures the waterjet remains stable throughout its path, delivering a clean, straight cut across the entire thickness of the material.
Read more about the waterjet cutting process from our engineering blog.
